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Caroline G.L. Cao
Research Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Education
Ph.D., University of Toronto, 2002
Cert. Technology Management, Politecnico DiMilano & Helsinki University of Technology, 1999
M.Sc., Simon Fraser University, 1996
Post-Bacc. Dipl., Simon Fraser University, 1994
B.Sc., Simon Fraser University, 1990
Research Interests
Professor Cao’s research focus is in human factors of
medical systems, including the design and evaluation of
enabling technology (e.g., robotics, image guidance, haptics,
training simulators) for minimally invasive surgery,
training of surgical skills in real and virtual simulators,
and decision-making and team communication in the operating
room. She has published over 90 peer-reviewed technical
papers on her work, and two book chapters on the topic of
human factors in robotic surgery. For more information on
Professor Cao's research, visit the
Ergonomics
in Remote Environments Laboratory website.
Professor Cao is also an associate editor of the IEEE
Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A:
Systems and Humans, and of the Journal of Advances in
Human-Computer Interaction. She served as a reviewer for
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Taylor & Francis
Group, ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction,
National Science Foundation, British Medical Journal (Quality
and Safety in Health Care), and conference technical
sessions for HFES and IEEE SMC. She is a former chair and
program chair of the Health Care Technical Group of the
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Background
Caroline G. L. Cao received a Ph.D. (2002) in mechanical &
industrial engineering from the University of Toronto. She
is currently the director of the Human Factors Program in
the School of Engineering at Tufts University; associate
professor of mechanical engineering, and adjunct associate
professor of biomedical engineering at Tufts University. She
is the founding director of the
Ergonomics in Remote
Environments Laboratory at Tufts University, and research
director of the Tufts-New England Medical Center & School of
Engineering Human Factors and Surgical Research Center.
Caroline Cao is a recipient of the prestigious National
Science Foundation Career Award in the USA.
Distinctions
2003-2008 NSF CAREER Award, National Science Foundation
2001 Chapanis Best Student Paper Award, Finalist, Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society
2000 Claudette MacKay-Lassonde Scholarship (Women in Engineering),
University of Toronto Nominee, Canadian Engineering Memorial Foundation
1999-2001 Ontario Graduate Scholarship, University of Toronto
1997-1999 University of Toronto Graduate Fellowship
1997 Gordon Diewert Fellowship, SFU (declined)
1997 SFU Graduate Fellowship, SFU (declined)
1985-1988 Gordon M. Shrum Scholarship, SFU
1985 MacKenzie King Entrance Scholarship, UBC (declined)
Selected Publications
Refereed Journals
Bell, A., Zhou, M., Schwaitzberg, S.D., Cao, C.G. L. (2009). Using a Dynamic
Training Environment to Acquire Laparoscopic Surgery Skill.
Surgical Endoscopy, 23(10), 2356-2363.
Cao, C.G.L., Weinger, M., Slagle, J., et al. (2008). Differences in Day and Night
Shift Clinical Performance in Anesthesiology. Human Factors, 50(2), 276-290.
Zhou, M., Perreault, J., Schwaitzberg, S.D., Cao, C.G.L. (2008). Effect of
experience on force perception threshold in minimally invasive surgery.
Surgical Endoscopy, 22(2), 510-515.
O'Connor, A., Schwaitzberg, S.D., Cao, C.G.L. (2007). How much feedback is
necessary for learning to suture? Surgical Endoscopy, 22, 1614-1619.
Bell, A., Johanas, J., Saide, M., Cao, C.G.L., Schwaitzberg, S.D.
(2007). DynaMITE: Dynamic minimally invasive training and testing environment.
Journal of Surgical Innovation, 14(3), 217-224.
Shimotsu, R. & Cao, C.G.L. (2007). The effect of color-contrasting
shadows on a dynamic 3D laparoscopic surgical task. IEEE Transactions on Systems,
Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, 37(6), 1047-1053.
Cao, C.G.L. & Milgram, P. (2007). Direction and location are not sufficient
for navigating in non-rigid environments - an empirical study in augmented reality.
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 16(6), 584-602.
Webster, J. & Cao, C.G.L. (2006). Lowering communication barriers in
operating room technology. Human Factors,
48(4), 747-758.
Perreault, J. & Cao, C.G.L. (2006). Effects of vision and friction on
haptic perception. Human Factors, 48(3), 574-586.
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